说明：本文件整合了中英文两版要点，删除了秘鲁与阿根廷部分，保留美国、英国、欧盟主要国家（法国/德国/西班牙/意大利）、墨西哥、哥伦比亚、巴西与南非的内容。配图为示意图，非官方样本，仅用于说明验证要点。

（一）中文版

快速要点（适用于互惠生/跨国雇佣审查）

• 美国：用于国际用途最通行的是 FBI Identity History Summary（联邦级），地方警局证明通用性较弱；若目的国要求，可办理美国国务院 Apostille。

• 英国：用于签证/移民的官方文件为 ACRO Police Certificate（结果常见 “No Trace” 或 “No Live Trace”）。

• 欧盟：各国各有全国性无犯罪证明（法国 Bulletin n°3、德国 Führungszeugnis、西班牙 Certificado de Antecedentes Penales、意大利 Casellario Giudiziale）。部分成员国电子证书支持在线校验（如西班牙 CSV、法国验证码）。

• 墨西哥：联邦级 CAPF（带二维码）可在线核验；部分场景还可能要求州级证明。

• 南美主要来源：巴西（联邦警察+必要时州警证明，联邦件可在线验证、常见90天有效），哥伦比亚（国家警察/领馆出具，可在线初查），（本稿已删除秘鲁、阿根廷）。

• 南非：SAPS 警方无犯罪证明（PCC）为统一全国版，以纸质原件为主，通常视为6个月内有效。

美国（USA）

• 常见类型：地方警局证明（覆盖本地）、州级证明（指纹查询州域）、FBI Identity History Summary（联邦级，覆盖全美数据库）。

• 国际用途以 FBI 版最通行；地方/州级多为补充或特定用途。

• 真伪与验证：FBI 结果无公开二维码，通常通过 Apostille/领事认证确认来源；核对姓名、出生日期等身份信息。

• 电子/纸质：FBI 支持电子 PDF（eDO）与邮寄纸件，二者效力等同；提交正式材料时常要求纸质原件或经认证件。

• 时效：文件本身无固定有效期，多数机构按 3–6 个月内视为有效。

英国（UK）

• 文件：ACRO Police Certificate（用于签证/移民），结果常见 “No Trace/No Live Trace”。

• 真伪与验证：查看纸质原件与签字；如需，对文件做 Apostille/领事认证；无公开二维码校验入口。

• 形式与时效：以纸质为主；多数场景认可 6 个月内签发的文件。

欧盟（EU）代表国家

• 法国：Bulletin n°3（司法部），电子版常带验证码并可在官网校验；电子/纸质效力等同。

• 德国：Führungszeugnis（联邦司法局），绿色防伪纸，无二维码；常通过 Apostille/认证来确认真伪，纸质为主。

• 西班牙：Certificado de Antecedentes Penales（司法部），电子证书带 CSV/二维码，可在线核验；通常要求 3–6 个月内。

• 意大利：Casellario Giudiziale（检察院/司法部），支持数字签名电子证书（PEC），可验证数字签章；一般 6 个月内较稳妥。

墨西哥（Mexico）

• 文件：联邦级 CAPF（OADPRS/SSPC）为首选，带二维码可在线核验；部分流程还会要求州级证明。

• 形式与时效：完全电子化，PDF 打印在白纸上有效；建议 3–6 个月内。

哥伦比亚（Colombia）

• 文件：国家警察出具的司法背景证明（国内）；在国外可由驻外领馆出具证明信（查询警察数据库后签发）。

• 验证：警方官网可初步查询有无记录；对外使用建议按外交部（Cancillería）流程做 Apostille/认证。

• 时效：通常以 3 个月内为佳（部分场景接受 6 个月）。

巴西（Brazil）

• 文件：联邦警察（Polícia Federal）无犯罪证明可在线申请与验证；某些签证还要求提供居住州的州警证明。

• 验证：联邦证明可通过官网编号再次生成/比对；拒收公证处/法院的替代性“声明”。

• 时效：常见 90 天（3 个月），较为严格；提交前尽量使用最新版本。

南非（South Africa）

• 文件：SAPS 警方无犯罪证明（PCC），由犯罪记录中心统一签发。

• 验证：纸质防伪纸、钢印与签字；无对公众开放的在线真伪核验，常借助 Apostille/外事认证。

• 时效：普遍按 6 个月内有效处理；务必查看原件或经认证副本。

如何辨别真伪（通用清单）

• 核对身份信息：姓名（含重音符/变体）、出生日期、证件号是否与护照一致。

• 看“对口机关”：是否由正确的国家级/司法/警务机关签发（如 FBI/ACRO/司法部/BfJ）。

• 在线校验优先：西班牙（CSV）、法国（验证码）、巴西联邦警察（在线重现）、墨西哥（二维码）。

• 认证路径：如需跨境使用，正确选择 Apostille/领事认证机关（如美国联邦件由美国国务院办理 Apostille）。

• 时效要求：尽量 3–6 个月内；巴西普遍 90 天。

• 红旗：错误徽标/机构名、错字、版式粗糙、二维码/CSV 无法在官网验证、来源于第三方“快速证书”。

II. English Version

Executive Takeaways (for au pair / cross‑border hiring)

• United States: The FBI Identity History Summary (national, fingerprint‑based) is the most widely accepted for international use; local police letters are often insufficient. Apostille from the U.S. Department of State if required.

• United Kingdom: The ACRO Police Certificate is the standard; results read “No Trace” or “No Live Trace”.

• European Union: Each country issues a national extract (France B3, Germany Führungszeugnis, Spain Penal Certificate, Italy Casellario). Many now offer e‑certificates with online verification (e.g., Spain CSV, France control key).

• Mexico: Federal CAPF includes a QR code; some processes also ask for a state‑level record.

• South America (kept here: Brazil, Colombia; Peru/Argentina removed): Brazil PF certificate (often 90‑day freshness, online validation) and, where needed, state police certificates; Colombia’s national police / consular letter with legalization as appropriate.

• South Africa: SAPS Police Clearance Certificate (PCC) is the nationwide standard; paper originals, usually treated as valid for about 6 months.

United States (U.S.)

• Types: local police letter (city/county), state‑level (fingerprint), and FBI Identity History Summary (national).

• For overseas purposes, the FBI check is most accepted; local/state letters are often supplementary.

• Verification: no public QR; authenticity commonly established via Apostille/legalization; match identity fields carefully.

• Format: electronic PDF (eDO) and/or mailed letter; both are valid for official use when properly legalized.

• Freshness: commonly treated as valid within 3–6 months depending on the destination authority.

United Kingdom (UK)

• Document: ACRO Police Certificate for visas/immigration; results often “No Trace” or “No Live Trace”.

• Verification: inspect the original with ACRO signature; Apostille/legalization if requested; no public QR verification.

• Form & validity: paper originals; many processes accept within ~6 months of issue.

European Union – Illustrative Members

• France (Bulletin n°3): Ministry of Justice; electronic proofs often have a control key for online verification; e‑PDF and paper have equal force.

• Germany (Führungszeugnis): Bundesamt für Justiz; printed on green security paper, no public QR; rely on Apostille/legalization when required.

• Spain (Penal Certificate): Ministry of Justice; electronic certificate includes CSV for online verification; typically requested within 3–6 months.

• Italy (Casellario Giudiziale): issued via prosecutor’s office/Ministry of Justice; digitally signed e‑certificates (PEC); verify digital signature; ~6 months is a common freshness expectation.

Mexico

• Federal CAPF (OADPRS/SSPC) is preferred for international use; includes a QR for online validation; some cases also request state‑level records.

• Format & validity: fully electronic; PDF printed on plain white paper is valid; aim for 3–6 months freshness.

Colombia

• Documents: National Police judicial background (domestic); abroad, consulates can issue letters after database checks.

• Verification: public portal allows a basic judicial status check; for overseas use, follow Cancillería legalization/apostille steps.

• Freshness: commonly ≤ 3 months (some accept up to 6 months).

Brazil

• Certificate from Polícia Federal can be obtained and validated online; some consulates also require state police certificates where the applicant resided.

• Validation: PF portal can reproduce/validate the certificate using its number; statements from cartórios/courts are not accepted as substitutes.

• Freshness: often 90 days; provide the most recent version close to submission.

South Africa

• Document: SAPS Police Clearance Certificate (PCC), issued centrally by the Criminal Record & Crime Scene Management centre.

• Verification: paper anti‑counterfeit stock, seals and signatures; no public online verification—use Apostille/legalization when required.

• Freshness: commonly treated as valid for ~6 months; insist on the original or a properly certified copy.

How to Tell Real vs. Fake (Universal Checks)

• Identity match: exact name (including accents), date of birth, and any ID numbers versus the passport.

• Correct issuer: national police/justice authority (e.g., FBI/ACRO/Ministry of Justice/BfJ).

• Prefer online verification when available: Spain (CSV), France (control key), Brazil PF (reproduce/validate), Mexico (QR).

• Legalization: if needed, use the proper authority for Apostille/consular legalization (e.g., U.S. Department of State for FBI documents).

• Freshness: aim for 3–6 months; Brazil is commonly 90 days.

• Red flags: wrong logos/issuer names, typos, inconsistent fonts, QR/CSV failing to resolve to the official site, third‑party “instant certificates.”

示例图片 / Sample Visuals (schematic, not official originals)

usa fbi idhs

uk acro

spain csv

mexico capf

brazil pf

colombia policia

注/Note：以上图片为示意图，旨在帮助理解各国无犯罪记录证明的常见版式与验证要点；不代表任何国家官方模板。请以相应国家官方机构出具的原件或可验证的电子文件为准。

Note: The images above are schematic diagrams intended to help understand the common formats and verification key points of no criminal record certificates from various countries; they do not represent the official templates of any country. Please refer to the original documents or verifiable electronic documents issued by the official institutions of the corresponding countries.